Three main groups that are involved in shaping employer-employee relations for the purpose of manufacturing or services. are :
a) Employers: Employers hire and fire workers. Management may relocate, close or merge a factory and introduce technological changes which may affect employees adversely. Many employers may use different tactics to weaken unions. They may focus on commitment and efficiency of labour. Employers may negotiate individually. They may also negotiate through associations to settle terms and conditions of employment.
b) Employees: Workers are desirous to improve the terms and conditions of their employment. They may focus and discuss their views with management and put-up their grievances. Workers may get support from trade unions as well as labour legislation. Trade unions may influence both at plant level and industry level.
c) Government: Government has come to play an important role in employer-employee relations to protect the interests of both employers and employees. The Central and State Government evolve, influence and regulate employer-employee relations through laws, rules, agreements, awards of courts as well as executive and financial machinery.
